THE CAUSES OF THE CIVIL WAR Essays - Slavery In The United States

THE CAUSES OF THE CIVIL WAR Essays - Slavery In The United States THE CAUSES OF THE CIVIL WAR "The tragic ?fireball in the night? imagined by Jefferson had finally rung. The Missouri Compromise had failed. Proslavery and antislavery civilians clashed in the streets and took up arms. Thousands of Northerners were willing to die for their beliefs. The Civil War had begun. The states were at war with each other." This dividing battle between the North and the South was unavoidable. The Civil War was caused by economic, political and moral problems. It all started by an alarming increase in a need for cotton, which triggered the building of a barrier between two territories in a growing nation. New Machinery was changing the textile industry in New England and Britain. These mills needed more and more cotton, creating a new demand in the south. For this trade with Europe, after 1812, raw cotton accounted for one-third all cotton exports of the United States. By 1830, it increased to half. Cotton quickly became a big money-making cash crop for the South and North economy alike. But the demand also revived the need for slaves. The plantations had to be worked, and blacks were a cheap, efficient way to get the cotton picked. To make their jobs easier, Eli Whitney took advantage of the new idea, and invented the cotton gin(short for engine). It rapidly cleaned the seeds from the short, sticky fibers of upland cotton, the variety that grew all over the South. The process was simple: a roller carried raw cotton along wooden slats. Sharp metal teeth thrust through the slats and quickly pulled the fibers from the seeds. In 1794, he obtained a patent. Whitney still earned little because it was simple enough for manufacturers to copy. Even though the machine made attaining cotton faster, slaves were still pushed to work harder and produce more. Blacks under captivity certainly led a harsh, unfair life. But that is where the white southerners believed blacks belonged. Northerners knew better. Harriet Beecher-Stowe, a female, black abolitionist was aware of these conditions. She wrote Uncle Tom?s Cabin, which was published in 1852, and described the incredible cruelty and horrors of slavery. Stowe wanted to "write something that would make the whole nation feel what an accursed thing slavery is." Her novel became widely popular, and within a year, readers had bought 300,000 copies. Wherever it went, it carried it?s powerful message of the evils of slavery. She hoped the novel would bring a peaceful end to slavery, but instead it seemed to bring the nation closer to war. Of course, not all Southerners supported slavery, nor did all Northerners oppose it. Yet antislavery feelings were on the rise in the North?few white Southerners went to extremes. Their concern lay in maintaining the plantation system as it existed. With her book she was able to gain many Northerners support in the antislavery race, yet at the same time she outraged the Southerners. Harriet?s novel was one of the many things that sparred mistrust between the North and South. The North didn?t trust the South because they refused to help Southern plantation owners capture slaves. North depended on the South for making money, and the South depended on the slaves to pick their cotton. This created the Northern fear of Competition. The North was afraid that South would gain power of crops and put them out of business. This meant that slavery would double. The North was torn between giving the slaves their rightful choices, or keeping the economy balanced. It was a matter of moral standards. The South wanted to break away from the union, while the North still wanted the two territories to stick together. This conflict was the main cause of the Civil War. The South argued about their state?s rights. They said a state could nullify a federal law it did not consider constitutional. Southern states based their right to leave the union, on the fact the original 13 states had existed separately before they formed together for the United States. The South could break their allegiance to the union because they were not part of the original U.S. If they could form there own confederacy, the South could continue the use of slaves while also

Examples of Gapping in English Grammar

Examples of Gapping in English Grammar A construction in which part of a sentence is omitted rather than repeated. The missing grammatical unit is called a gap. The term gapping was coined by linguist John R. Ross in his dissertation, Constraints on Variables in Syntax (1967), and discussed in his article Gapping and the Order of Constituents, in Progress in Linguistics, edited by M. Bierwisch and K. E. Heidolph (Mouton, 1970). Examples and Observations: The cars were old-fashioned; the buses, too.(Bill Bryson, The Life and Times of the Thunderbolt Kid. Broadway Books, 2006)Arnaud was his closest friend; Peter, his oldest.(James Salter, Light Years. Random House, 1975)Forwards and BackwardsGapping ... describe[s] a transformation which creates gaps in a sentence after a conjunction by deleting a verb which would otherwise reappear, e.g. Caroline plays the flute and Louise (plays) the piano. Gapping can work forwards, as above, or backwards as in the deletion of the first mention of the word. According to Ross the direction of the gapping depends on the constituent branching in the deep structure, and provides insight into the underlying word order of a language.(Hadumod Bussmann, Routledge Dictionary of Language and Linguistics. Taylor Francis, 1996)Verb DeletionConsider the pattern in (154):a. John likes coffee and Susan likes tea.b. John likes coffee and Susan -   tea.(154) illustrates a pattern known as gapping. Gapping is an o peration which deletes a constituent in one sentence under identity with a constituent of the same type in a preceding sentence. More particularly, gapping in (154b) deletes the second verb of two co-ordinated clauses; this is possible because the deleted verb is identical to the verb of the first sentence. In (154b) the verb is gapped but, crucially, its NP [Noun Phrase] complement is left behind.(Liliane M. V. Haegeman and Jacqueline Guà ©ron, English Grammar: A Generative Perspective. Wiley-Blackwell, 1999) Gapping in Written EnglishCertainly, some constructions are overwhelmingly found in written language. An example is the English Gapping construction, as in John ate an apple and Mary a peach, where an implicit ate is omitted from the second clause, understood as Mary ate a peach. Tao and Meyer (2006) found, after an extensive search of corpora, that gapping is confined to writing rather than speech. In the Elia Kazan movie The Last Tycoon, a powerful film director rejects a scene in which a French actress is given the line Nor I you, on the grounds that this is unnatural speech. But his colleague, with earthier instincts, comments on this line with Those foreign women really have class. This rings true. The gapping construction is classy, and restricted to quite elevated registers, though it is not lacking entirely from spoken English.(James R. Hurford, The Origins of Grammar: Language in the Light of Evolution. Oxford University Press, 2012)

When Time is Money Charging by the Hour

When Time is Money Charging As a freelancer or copywriter, charging per hour rather than per word (or page) seems daunting – especially with projects that take up several weeks of your time. But, time is money. Here’s how to figure out which payment method is best: Setting a Rate Pricing yourself Sites like LinkedIn, PeoplePerHour, Freelancer and fellow-freelancer’s websites will help you gauge the market. Use this Freelance Hourly Rate Calculator from All Indie Writers (http://allindiewriters.com/freelance-hourly-rate-calculator/) to help you calculate your rate. I started small, charging $10 an hour at first, then worked myself up to $25 when I suddenly realized I had more clients and less time. Experience matters. People will pay for it. Per hour? Charging per hour can benefit both you and your client. A 10,000-word project at 50 cents per word will run your client $5, 000, but at $20 per hour (assuming you go through 500 words per hour), it would be $400 (20 hours). You might also decide to go with per-hour because the final word count is unsure or you’re working within a time-frame. I started charging per hour when singer-songwriter Rea le Roux came to me for a press release to announce the start of a new hip-hop dancing group to encourage the local youth. We couldn’t agree on a word count, and the piece had to be translated into Afrikaans. So, I charged per hour, for two hours of work: One hour of interviewing and research, and an hour of writing, translating and editing. For you, charging per hour could make it easier to calculate (and reach) your goal salary: The more hours you put in, the better you can get paid. Time: What factors into that measurement? Time is money, but what is time? Think about what will factor into your per-hour charge beforehand: Time spent writing, editing and proofing are obvious, but what about your travel time and any additional research? Account for weekends and off days: How many hours aren’t you working? Incorporate these when issuing quotes, progress reports and statements. You might also need more time, say, if you or your client ends up in the hospital, or if your laptop crashes. Both have happened to me. Run a timer when actively working to include researching, writing and translating. Keep a list of what you did, when you did it, and how much time you put into it. Send this break-down to your client to show them what they are paying for. Bathroom breaks, trips to the store, and feeding the cats aren’t deductible. Be willing to negotiate, but decide beforehand how much room for negotiation you will allow, as you would negotiating for a car. You don’t want to be out-negotiated. In other words, know your budget. What’s your type? When you’re typing against the clock, speed matters. Learning to type quicker will save you time, too. Use Wapsilon.com to test and improve your typing speed;   Typingstudy.com   and   Typingclub.com are great places to learn touch-typing, which can make you work faster, more effectively, giving you time for more clients.

QI Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

QI - Essay Example Considering this, the numbers in the spreadsheets were added to get the percentage of menus picked up by 100 units. This method was the appropriate one because it facilitated the computation of percentages using an easy formula. The breakdown of the menus and the floors required a unit that ensured the percentages provided the correct outcome that would give the accurate pickup. However, some challenges emerged during the entire calculation of the menu pickup project. These challenges were later rectified by having a menu pickup policy for diet technicians in order to increase the percentages. By using the original excel document of the menu pickups, highlighting was essential for the determination of the unusual or improper pickup units. For instance, highlighted in yellow were the menu p/u averages that consisted of items by Thumas, Danielle and Aaron. The results indicate that the pickup menus changed during the days, but had a constant Monti unit of 2 in the entire project. Similarly, the employees, namely Josie, Kristen, Sebastian and Eguono also registered different menu p/u percentages. This is because the menus picked up produced separate menus printed, giving different percentages. The perceived reason for this difference was due to maybe the employees taking lunch breaks at different intervals. It is also apparent that the employees took long hours choosing the menus pickups with others going for the ones with fewer complexities. Each worker failed to have their menu pickups when required to because of the difference in time intervals taken for breaks. Some workers were good with sticking to their programs, while others were logged off at most of the times. This caused the delays and differences in the percentages, which also resulted in the different averages at each level. For instance, the averages established by Dawn, Thumas and Sebastan were higher compared to the ones by Melisa, Angela and

Business And Ethical Decision Making Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4000 words

Business And Ethical Decision Making - Essay Example Secondly, another branch of decision making includes ethical decision making. Philosophers have found it hard to give a standard definition for ethical decision making. Ethics on its own refers to the moral code of conduct based on social values (Nelson & Quick, 2008). When linked with decision making, scholars define it as the process of choosing one option over all other alternatives about legal and moral concepts acceptable to the larger community (Johns, 1991). Ethical relativism (self-interest), which states that making ethical choices depends on an individual’s customs, values, and held religious beliefs. In general decision making, a leader should make decision based on the values and beliefs of the firm. Utilitarianism (benefit) refers to the advantages of a decision. The moral strength and efficiency of a choice depends on its positive results. Leaders make decision based on the advantages they gain out of those choices. Universalism- A sound choice needs to apply to all people inclusive of the diverse races and religions. A universal decision should apply to everyone without any discrimination. Mangers in an institution ought to come up with decisions, which accommodate everyone concerned including the public. Rights- while developing decisions, one needs to engage the rights and freedoms of people. In overall decision making, a manager needs to include the rights and freedoms of every employee working in the organisation. The principles above provide a set of guidelines, which draw a path for individuals while making personal and professional decisions. They have also assisted in guiding the DHL Company over the years enabling it to maintain its position in the market and to give it international competitive edge. The company deals with many people around the world, therefore, principles such as justice, rights, and universalism apply in its moral decision making. It assists in the evaluation of personal and managerial skills. The decision

Corportions Law in Australia Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Corportions Law in Australia - Essay Example A Company is a distinct legal entity whereas a partnership firm in not distinct from the several persons who compose it (The ICFAI University, 2005). When it comes to issue of liability, a partner's liability is always unlimited whereas that of shareholder may be limited either by shares or by guarantee. The main difference between a partnership and a limited company is that the liability of a company's shareholders is limited to the amount of the unpaid amount on the shares that they own2 (Complete Business Services Ltd). Partners on the other hand, can not restrict their liability i.e. as they have an unlimited liability and therefore can be held personally responsible for any unpaid debts the partnership incurs. In a partnership firm, partners are joint and severally liable for partnership debts. Thus if one partner engages in an activity which results in large debts, all partners, regardless of whether or not they had prior knowledge of the activities would be equally liable to make good any shortfall in funds from their personal assets. But this is not the case with a company. As discussed earlier, the liability of the participants in a company is limited to the amount of shares that are held by them in the company. The case of Salomon vs. Salomon & Co. Ltd., took place in the year 1879. ... y purchased the business of Salomon for 39,000, and the purchase consideration was paid in terms of debentures worth 10,000 conferring a charge over the company's assets, and 20,000 shares of 1 each fully paid-up and the balance amount in cash. The company in less than one year ran into difficulties and liquidation proceedings commenced. The assets of the company were not even sufficient to discharge the debentures and nothing was left for the unsecured creditors. The unsecured creditors contended that though incorporated under the Act, the company never had an independent existence; it was in fact an alter-ego of Salomon, the other directors being his sons under his control. It was held by the House of Lords that "the company had been validly constituted since the Act only required seven members holding at least one share each. It said that nothing about their being independent, or that there should be anything like a balance of power in the constitution of the company3 (Ask Me Help Desk). The company is different person at law and though it may be that after incorporation the business is precisely the same as before, the same persons are managers, and the same hands receive the profits, the company is not, in law their agent or trustee. Hence, the business belonged to the company and not to Salomon." The court observed that the company was a separate person, a separate body altogether different from the shareholders and the transfer was as much as conveyance, a transfer of property, as if the shareholders had been totally different persons. It can be seen from the proceedings of the above discussed case that a company is given a distinct legal entity in comparison to the individuals who are managing the affairs of the company. This provides a 'veil' for

Comparative criminal justice Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Comparative criminal justice - Assignment Example ddition, the students have to study the legal knowledge foundations, which form the Academic Stage of the Legal Education and compulsory for the purposes of professional exemptions, especially where the students seek to proceed to the Vocational Stage of the Legal Education and Training. This is the final stage of qualification at the Bar. At this stage, under the supervision of an experienced barrister, the pupil obtains practical training. Pupilage stage is divided into two divisions: the practicing six months, also referred to as the first six and the non-practicing six months, also referred to as the second six. The structure includes two parts which are the practicing six months, also referred to as the first six and the non-practicing six months, also referred to as the second six. A person intending to practice as a barrister must train as a pupil for a defined period of not less than twelve months. In order to obtain the pupilage stage, a pupil must attend a course in an Advocacy Training and a course in Practice Management. These requirements must be met because a completion certificate is only awarded upon their completion. The students are also needed to pursue a course in Forensic Accountancy during this stage or within the first three years of their practice. The purpose of this training is to provide in-depth information on multiple matters that are regarded essential to the beginners in practice. This will help the beginners to bridge well between practice and pupilage. Therefore the topics to be covered